Analysis of Flow Structures and Global Parameters across a Heated Square Cylinder in Forced and Mixed Convection

In the present study, numerical simulations are performed to identify role of Reynolds number (Re), Richardson (Ri) and free-stream orientations (α) on flow structures, aerodynamic parameters heat transfer characteristics for conditions (20 ≤ Re 120, 0° α 90° 0 Ri 1.6). Prandtl (Pr) cylinder orientation (ϕ) kept fixed at 0.71 0°. The Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation is used account buoyancy effects. governing equations continuity, momentum energy discretized a colocated body-fitted grid by employing finite difference method. A viscous implicit pressure correction scheme employed advance discrete solution in time. Contour maps mean/steady drag coefficient Nusselt (α-Ri) plane plotted 20 120. From these contour maps, it possible ranges (α, Ri) that can yield relatively high rate accompanied low values coefficient. For [70° 90°, 1.6], such scenario any ∈ [20, 120]. Strouhal observed be maximum = 120 45° 1.2. Mean or steady lift (α ≠ 0°) found highest 1.6. Sensitivity (CD)Ri 0.0 minimum ratio CD(Ri,α)/CD(0,α) lower unsteady flows than flows, decreases with an increase value Ri. (Nu) forced regime increases significantly α. more sensitive flows. percentage Nu(Ri,α)/Nu(0,α) entire range 14.07%, 14.13%, 11.74% 10.62% 30°, 45°, 60° 90°. At Ri, decrease except It from faces